The way cancer pain is managed in palliative care has not changed significantly for many decades. This project has helped progress knowledge on the use of opioids in cancer pain, through the interrogation of a novel longitudinal study looking at the possibility of how genes interact with how people respond to opioids at a cellular level. This important project lays the foundational knowledge on how we may in the future consider a personalised method of relieving pain and other symptoms in advanced illness.